How to Read Your Installer's Bid Decoder Quote
Understanding Manual J calculations, AHRI ratings, commissioning plans, and other critical elements that separate quality quotes from mediocre ones.
The Problem: Confusing Installer Quotes
You've requested quotes from three installers. One says "5-ton system," another mentions "AHRI 95/62," and a third includes a "Manual J load calculation." But what does it all mean?
Most homeowners don't know what to look for in a heat pump quote. Installers know this—and some take advantage by hiding poor practices behind technical jargon. Others provide excellent work but fail to explain why their quote is higher.
This guide decodes the essential elements of a professional heat pump quote so you can compare apples-to-apples and avoid costly mistakes.
The 5 Critical Elements of a Quality Quote
1. Manual J Load Calculation (The Foundation)
What it is: A detailed calculation of how much heating and cooling your home actually needs, based on:
- Square footage and layout
- Insulation levels and air sealing
- Window type and orientation
- Local design temperatures (winter lows, summer highs)
- Occupancy and appliance heat generation
Why it matters: A Manual J determines the correct system size. Oversizing wastes money and reduces efficiency. Undersizing leaves you cold in winter.
What to look for:
- Quote should reference "Manual J" or "ACCA J" calculation
- Should show heating load (BTU/h) and cooling load (BTU/h)
- Should list design temperatures (e.g., 0°F winter, 95°F summer)
- Should show tonnage recommendation (e.g., 3.5 tons, 4 tons)
2. AHRI Rating & Cold-Climate Specs (Performance in Your Climate)
What it is: AHRI (Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute) ratings show how a specific heat pump model performs at different outdoor temperatures.
Key ratings to understand:
| Rating | What It Means | Example |
|---|---|---|
| HSPF2 | Heating efficiency (higher = better) | HSPF2 8.5 = very efficient |
| SEER2 | Cooling efficiency (higher = better) | SEER2 18 = excellent |
| Cold Climate Rating | Performance at 5°F or below | Rated down to -13°F |
| Balance Point | Temp where backup heat kicks in | Balance point 15°F |
What to look for:
- Quote should list the specific model and AHRI ratings
- For cold climates (design temp below 15°F), ensure cold-climate rating is specified
- Balance point should match your climate (if you're in Maine, 0°F design temp, balance point should be ≤10°F)
- HSPF2 should be ≥8.0 for new systems (≥9.0 for premium)
3. Commissioning & Startup Plan (Quality Assurance)
What it is: A detailed plan for testing and optimizing your system after installation to ensure it performs as designed.
What a quality commissioning plan includes:
- Refrigerant charge verification (critical for efficiency)
- Airflow testing and duct sealing
- Thermostat programming and testing
- Performance verification at multiple outdoor temperatures
- Homeowner training on operation and maintenance
- Post-installation follow-up (e.g., 30-day check-in)
What to look for:
- Quote should mention "commissioning" or "startup verification"
- Should include time for testing (not just "install and leave")
- Should specify who performs commissioning (installer, not subcontractor)
- Should mention post-installation support
4. Ductwork & Airflow Assessment (Often Overlooked)
What it is: An evaluation of your existing ductwork (if you have ducts) to ensure it can handle the heat pump's airflow.
Why it matters: Poor ductwork reduces efficiency by 20-40%. A quality installer will identify and fix issues.
What to look for:
- Quote should mention duct inspection or assessment
- Should identify any leaks, undersizing, or blockages
- Should include duct sealing or repair costs (if needed)
- For ductless systems, should show indoor unit placement
5. Warranty & Support Details (Protection)
What it is: Clear terms on what's covered if something goes wrong.
What to look for:
- Equipment warranty: Manufacturer coverage (typically 5-10 years on compressor, 1-5 years on parts)
- Labor warranty: Installer's coverage (typically 1-5 years)
- Extended warranty options: Available and cost
- Support availability: 24/7 emergency service? Response time?
Red Flags in Installer Quotes
🚩 No AHRI ratings provided — Can't verify performance claims
🚩 No commissioning plan — System won't be optimized
🚩 Vague warranty terms — Unclear what's covered
🚩 Significantly lower price than competitors — May indicate corners being cut
🚩 Pressure to decide immediately — Professional installers give time to compare
How to Compare Quotes Side-by-Side
Next Steps
Once you've decoded your quotes and identified the best option:
- Verify the model specs using our Bid Decoder Tool
- Review the 9-Point Installer Vetting Checklist to ensure quality
- Ask the installer to walk you through the Manual J and commissioning plan
- Get everything in writing before signing
Key Takeaways
- Manual J is non-negotiable: Any quote without it is a red flag
- AHRI ratings matter: Verify cold-climate performance for your region
- Commissioning ensures quality: A detailed startup plan separates pros from amateurs
- Compare apples-to-apples: Use the same criteria for all quotes
- Warranty protects you: Longer labor warranties are worth the investment
Questions about your quote? Contact us to get matched with certified installers who follow these best practices.